Cinnamomum verum · PhytoNexus

01 Identity and provenance

Accepted binomial: Cinnamomum verum
Common names: Cinnamon
Family (APG IV): Lauraceae
Part used: Bark
Verification tier: Tier 2 · Verified Clinical columns reviewed and a source is on record.
Reviewer note (2026 audit): SPECIES WARNING: this is CEYLON cinnamon, coumarin under 200 mg/kg. Most commercial "cinnamon" is CASSIA (C. cassia, VERIFIED batch 6) at 2,000-4,000 mg/kg - a 100-fold difference in hepatotoxic coumarin. The two are indistinguishable as powder. Do not let this row’s safety profile be applied to cassia products.
Reference not supplied - claim unverified against primary literature.

02 Constituent chemistry

Chemical class	Marker compound	Synthetic analogue in use
Cinnam aldehyde	Cinnam aldehyde Bark	Benfotatiamine

The analogue column is what makes the interaction reasoning tractable: where a constituent has a marketed structural counterpart, the counterpart's interaction profile is the starting hypothesis for the plant.

Looking up structures and physicochemical properties from PubChem…

03 Stated application

Reported activity: Anti-oxidant, Anti-diabetic, Anti-inflammatory
Marketed in: Nature's bounty cinnamon capsules, Himalaya cinnamon capsules
Reported adverse effects: Allergic reactions, mouth irritation, Gastro intestinal upset

04 Interaction matrix

Source column, verbatim: Anti-diabetic drugs, Anti-coagulants drugs, Anti-hypetensive drugs
Normalised onto 3 canonical drug classes below.

Curated from the reviewed source

Drug class	Severity	Mechanism type	Provenance	Expected effect
Anticoagulants (vitamin-K antagonists, DOACs) Haemostasis	3Major	PD-additive + PK-CYP2C9	curated B	INR destabilisation in either direction; ecchymosis, epistaxis, gum bleed…	why ▾
Class mechanism. Coumarin-, salicylate- and coumestan-bearing botanicals add to vitamin-K-antagonist effect; several also compete for CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, raising S-warfarin exposure. Botanicals rich in vitamin K1 act in the opposite direction and blunt anticoagulation. Expected INR destabilisation in either direction; ecchymosis, epistaxis, gum bleeding, GI or intracranial haemorrhage. Management Do not start or stop the botanical without INR cover. Check INR at 3-5 days and again at 2 weeks. Document the product, batch and dose in the anticoagulation record. Onset rapid Evidence B - reviewed clinical column, source pending Matched on “anti-coagulants drugs” Find evidence for this pair Map this mechanism
Antidiabetic drugs (insulin, sulfonylureas, biguanides, GLP-1, SGLT2) Endocrine	3Major	PD-additive	curated B	Symptomatic hypoglycaemia, sweating, tremor, confusion; severe events rep…	why ▾
Class mechanism. Hypoglycaemic botanicals act through insulin secretagogue, insulin-sensitising, alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting or glucose-transport routes. Added to a titrated pharmacological regimen the effects summate rather than plateau. Expected Symptomatic hypoglycaemia, sweating, tremor, confusion; severe events reported with insulin and sulfonylureas. Management Increase self-monitoring frequency for 2 weeks after starting or stopping. Anticipate a downward dose adjustment of insulin or sulfonylurea. Onset rapid Evidence B - reviewed clinical column, source pending Matched on “anti-diabetic drugs” Find evidence for this pair Map this mechanism
Antihypertensives Cardiovascular	2Moderate	PD-additive	curated B	Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope and falls; or loss of blood-p…	why ▾
Class mechanism. Vasodilator, diuretic, ACE-inhibitory and calcium-antagonist activity in botanical extracts adds to prescribed blood-pressure lowering. A minority (ephedrine-, glycyrrhizin- and caffeine-bearing) act in the opposite direction and antagonise control. Expected Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope and falls; or loss of blood-pressure control with pressor botanicals. Management Home BP log for 2 weeks after any change. Warn about postural symptoms; review in the elderly and in those on multiple agents. Onset rapid Evidence B - reviewed clinical column, source pending Matched on “anti-hypetensive drugs” Find evidence for this pair Map this mechanism

05 Hazard register

The audit recorded no hazard beyond the interaction profile. The controlled-vocabulary field reads not assessed, which means the assessment has not been done rather than that it came back clear.

06 Confusable material

These entries could be mistaken for this one in trade, in the herbarium, or in a prescription. Powdered material is often indistinguishable, so the check is macroscopic, microscopic and chromatographic rather than nominal.

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Tree	Lauraceae	Same genus (Cinnamomum)
Cinnamomum cassia Cassia Cinnamon	Lauraceae	Same genus (Cinnamomum)

07 Mechanism map

Chemistry sorts to the left, pharmacology to the right. Dashed edges are predicted. Drag nodes, scroll to zoom, export at 3× for a figure.

species

chemical class

marker compound

drug class

expected effect

hazard

08 Open literature

Abstract-scoped query built from this binomial, its common names and its marker compounds, run live against Europe PMC, PubMed and OpenAlex, then ranked locally against an evidence hierarchy.

Checking openFDA spontaneous reports…

09 Isomechanistic neighbours

Species whose interaction profile overlaps this one, ranked by shared severity weight rather than by count — a shared contraindication counts for more than a shared minor signal. Practical use: these are the plants you should not stack with this one, because the mechanisms summate.

Species	Family	Shared classes	Jaccard
Curcuma longa Turmeric	Zingiberaceae	3	0.43
Allium sativum Garlic	Amaryllidaceae	3	0.75
Phyllanthus emblica Amla	Phyllanthaceae	3	0.43
Aegle marmelos Bael	Rutaceae	3	0.60
Panax quinquefolius American Ginseng	Araliaceae	3	0.50
Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal	Ranunculaceae	3	0.50

10 References and notes

No citation is on record for this entry. That is itself the finding: the audit flagged it, and it is why the entry does not carry an A evidence grade.

Curator notes

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